Quality Management Role

Introduction The report covers element of quality management in products. It uses Apple’s iPad to highlight various issues, particularly in product quality features and communication to customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Role specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quality management is an important element for an organization. It ensures that all products and services are consistent with the established standards. In quality management, organizations must ensure planning, control, assurance and improvement of product or service. Organizations must focus on quality management, how to achieve it in product or service features and communicate it to customers. Therefore, quality assurance and control processes should provide consistent products or services to customers. Companies depend on customers for revenues. Therefore, they must understand different needs of customers. In this regard , products or services should meet the present and future needs of customers and even exceed their expectations. Companies must develop quality products and communicate quality features to customers so that they can make informed decisions before purchasing a product. In this regard, customers should get adequate information about a product or service. How the supplier communicates the quality of the product Apple communicates iPad information to its customers. The company uses various means to reach customers. These include the traditional media and online platforms. In this report, information used is available at the company’s Web site. Apple has provided relevant information that many customers may use to gauge the quality of iPad. Information available covers iPad’s capacity and price; display; dimensions and weight; chip; cameras; video recording; product carriers; cellular and wireless; sim card; connector; battery life; and intelligent assistant.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1: iPad Information provided contains technical data about the product quality features, as well as basic information regarding service carriers, which many customers need to know. Apple Inc has arranged all its models of iPad alongside their quality specifications so that consumers can review and make purchase decisions. By providing product quality features, consumers can recognize performance and efficiency attributes of iPad. As a result, they will be able to make the right decision on their purchase. From the information available on Apple’s Web site, one can conclude that the company has provided enough details about its products to allow customers to make purchase decisions. Apart from the information communicated through the company’s Web site, there is also product review information. Such reviews provide product quality to c ustomers. For example, many product review Web sites have touted Apple Inc as an innovative company. In addition, they note that the company’s communication strategy is a well-calculated move to deliver strong products to customers and create loyalty. Web sites that have reviewed iPad and other Apple products have noted that the company provides products that deliver customers’ expectation because of extensive research, innovation and strong design. It involves meticulous planning processes to appeal to a large number of customers and improve product rating. The company communicates features that customers find easy to use and robust. At the same time, there is uniformity in product quality i.e., the products have similar major features and design. Customers who have purchased Apple iPads understand consistency in product development and know what features they are likely to get from a new product. In addition, they understand that it will be simple to adapt and use ro bust features of the new product.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Role specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the company has managed to maintain consistency in product quality, the new product portfolios are highly innovative. iPad has several quality features that allow consumers to utilize the product to meet various functions. Moreover, the product can be adapted to suit various situations and functions due to its portability. Moreover, the company communicates its product quality through aesthetic designs. The designs are sleek and attractive with various colors. As a result, they appeal to consumers of all ages. A rating scale for the quality of iPad and its comparison with Samsung Galaxy Tab The rating scale for iPad has been based on the Likert Scale. This is the most common scale for rating electronic products. There are number of Likert items or questions to guide consumers when rat ing the quality of the product. The choice reflects the respondent’s feelings on a given product quality (Burns Burns, 2008). Users can choose positive, neutral or negative product rating on the scale to reflect their levels of satisfaction. [ ] Excellent [ ] Very Good [ ] Good [ ] Average [ ] Poor For example, consumers can use the following quality features to rate the devices. Capacity and price Display Dimensions and weight Chip Cameras Video recording Product carriers Cellular and wireless Sim card Connector Battery life Intelligent assistant These quality features for iPad rating are based on the company’s communicated features, which are available to consumers who wish to make purchase decisions. The table below shows a typical product comparison of iPad 2 and Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 Apple iPad 2 vs. Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1: SpecificationsAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Feature Apple iPad 2 Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 The Verdict Operating system (OS) Apple iOS 4 (upgradeable to iOS 5) Google Android 3.1 ‘Honeycomb’ iPad 2 Display size 9.7 in 10.1 in Galaxy Tab 10.1 Display technology Capacitive LED-backlit IPS Capacitive PLS TFT iPad 2 Display resolution 1024 x 768 pixels 1280 x 800 pixels Galaxy Tab 10.1 Multitouch Yes Yes Draw Front camera VGA 2 megapixel Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 Rear camera 0.7 megapixel, no flash 3 megapixel, LED flash, autofocus, geo tagging Galaxy Tab 10.1 Video recording Yes, 720 p HD Yes, 720 p HD Draw GPS Yes Yes Draw Internal memory 16 GB, 32 GB, or 64 GB 16 GB or 32 GB iPad 2 Expandable memory None None Draw Dimensions 241.2 x 185.7 x 8.8 mm 256.7.4 x 175.3 x 8.6 mm Galaxy Tab 10.1 Weight 607 g 565 g Galaxy Tab 10.1 Application store Apple App Store Google Android Market iPad 2 Processor Apple A5 dual-core (1 GHz) ARM Cortex A9 dual-core (1 GHz) Draw RAM 512MB 1GB Galaxy Tab 10 .1 3G Wi-Fi only and Wi-Fi + 3G models Wi-Fi only and Wi-Fi + 3G models Draw Wi-Fi Yes Yes Draw Bluetooth 2.1 with A2DP 3.0 with A2DP Galaxy Tab 10.1 HDMI-out No (Yes with optional digital AV adapter) No (Yes with optional HDTV adapter) Draw USB port No No Draw Quoted battery life Up to 10 hours Up to 9 hours iPad 2 Adobe Flash support No Yes Galaxy Tab 10.1 Figure 2: The Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 Figure 3: The iPad 2 The Findings and Discussion Design iPad 2 has a sleek design. It is faster and lighter relative to the previous versions. The black and white colors appeal to many consumers. iPad has a curved back to make it easier to hold. The product design allows it to rotate fast. The Galaxy Tab 10.1 is thinner than iPad 2 and weighs less. The lightweight design makes the device â€Å"comfortable to hold and use†. However, the Samsung device is made mainly of plastic while iPad is made of high quality aluminum that enhances its sleek design. Display General ly, iPad has a clear display with â€Å"bright and crisp presentation that brings contents to life†. The Galaxy Tab has slightly larger screen compared to iPad. Both gadgets rely on advanced touch screen technologies. Nevertheless, these gadgets cannot resist strong sunlight and strong glares from lights, which affect their general outputs. Software and performance The latest iPad software is superior to the Galaxy Tab operating system. iPad provides the familiar tap and swipe touch screen that many users prefer. Moreover, Apple has managed to remain consistent in product quality as it introduces innovative new features. Moreover, the iPad has several apps alongside multimedia capabilities. It has an option of cellular and Wi-Fi, which customers can specify when making their orders. This is flexibility which many tablet manufacturers do not provide. iPad is easy to hold and use. iPad offers streamlined experiences to users, which has made it a favorite among many users. Altho ugh iPad 2 may lack customized features for live widgets on the screen, the Galaxy Tab cannot match a superior iPad. Moreover, iPad features and quality specifications are superior to the Galaxy Tab. Tablets manufacturers do not release their products at the same time. Instead, they study the leader with the aim of identifying weaknesses in both their products and competitors’ products. They then release latest versions with updated operating systems and other features to customers. Such latest versions tend to be superior to the previous ones. For instance, latest versions of Galaxy Tabs have strived to bring new features to counteract iPads. While the features are not necessarily new, they enhance functionality of the available apps and improve their usability. iPad offers intelligent assistant to users. Internals and cameras The Apple iPad 2 has a dual-core that improves the speed of the gadget and ensures that the graphic processing is sufficiently faster. The gadget has both rear and front cameras with high recording capabilities. These cameras also support video chat and are compatible with other Apple smart products. On the other hand, the Galaxy Tab has both front and rear megapixel cameras. These cameras are for video calls and recording. The Galaxy Tab has high processing speed and a large memory device. The latest version can support Adobe Flash Player and therefore display flash video contents. Battery life and availability iPad has a battery life of 10 hours while Samsung Galaxy Tab only provides 9 hours of battery life. iPad 2 is available at â€Å"Apple boutique stores and from other authorized resellers†. However, it is generally expensive relative to Samsung Galaxy Tab. The price difference has been a major issue many Apple critics and fanatics alike have expressed. Apple has always maintained premium prices with marginal reduction compared to new versions. In addition, it has a larger price margin when compared to competitors. A ll these gadgets are also available with major carriers. It is imperative to note that Apple tends to maintain secrecy in product designs and release dates. Other features These gadgets have other features that could differentiate them from competition. These are mainly USB ports, chargers and the overall compatibility of these accessories. In addition, savvy users tend to check the speed at which a cable can charge the gadget. There are also other output features such as connection to external devices like cameras and television sets among others, which consumers consider before buying a device. These findings reveal that smart technology firms readily provide adequate information on product qualities to allow consumers to make the right decisions. In addition, such information differentiates them from competitors’ products. Overall, there is a massive competition in the industry as all suppliers strive to improve product qualities. Conclusion This is a quality management re port on popular smart devices. It shows that products’ manufacturers strive to provide adequate information to their customers through various channels. Consumers, therefore, can make informed purchase decisions. The product rating scale indicates that many users have positive experiences with their devices. At the same time, product suppliers compete to outdo one another in the market. Consequently, there are minimal variations in competing product lines due to constant quality management through product upgrades and release of new versions. References Apple Inc. (2014). Compare iPad Models. Web. Austin, P. (2013). Apple iPad Air vs. Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1: Battle of the Big Tablets. Web. Burns, A. Burns, R. (2008). Basic Marketing Research (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education. Catanzariti, R. (2011). Apple iPad 2 vs Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1: Tablet showdown. Web. Correia, E. J. (2012). Head-to-Head: Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 vs. Apple iPad Mini. Web. Dawes, J. (2008). Do D ata Characteristics Change According to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales. International Journal of Market Research 50(1), 61–77. Rose, K. (2005). Project Quality Management: Why, What and How. Florida: J. Ross Publishing. Shanklin, W. (2013). Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1 vs. iPad. Web. This report on Quality Management Role was written and submitted by user Theodore Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Layers of the Atmosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere Earth is surrounded by its atmosphere, which is the body of air or gases that protects the planet and enables life. Most of our atmosphere is located close to Earths surface, where it is most dense. It has five distinct layers. Lets look at each, from closest to farthest from the Earth. Troposphere The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth is the troposphere. It begins at the surface of the Earth and extends out to about 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km). This layer is known as the lower atmosphere. Its where weather happens and contains the air humans breathe.  The air of our planet is 79 percent nitrogen and just under 21 percent oxygen; the small amount remaining is composed of carbon dioxide and other gases. The temperature of the troposphere decreases with height. Stratosphere Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends to about 31 miles (50 km) above the Earths surface. This layer is where the ozone layer exists and scientists send weather balloons. Jets fly in the lower stratosphere to avoid turbulence in the troposphere. Temperature rises within the stratosphere but still remains well below freezing. Mesosphere From about 31 to 53 miles (50 to 85 km)  above the surface of the Earth lies the mesosphere, where the air is especially thin and molecules are great distances apart. Temperatures in the mesosphere reach a low of -130 degrees Fahrenheit (-90 C). This layer is difficult to study directly; weather balloons cant reach it, and weather satellites orbit above it. The stratosphere and the mesosphere are known as the middle atmospheres. Thermosphere The thermosphere rises several hundred miles above the  Earths surface, from 56 miles (90 km) up to between 311 and 621 miles (500–1,000 km). Temperature is very much  affected by the sun here; it can be 360 degrees Fahrenheit hotter (500 C) during the day than at night. Temperature increases with height and can rise to as high as 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit (2000 C). Nonetheless, the air would feel cold because the hot molecules are so far apart. This layer is known as the upper atmosphere, and it is where the auroras occur (northern and southern lights). Exosphere Extending from the top of the thermosphere to 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above Earth is the exosphere, where weather satellites are. This layer has very few atmospheric molecules, which can escape into space. Some scientists disagree that the exosphere is a part of the atmosphere and instead classify it actually as a part of outer space. There is no clear upper boundary, as in other layers. Pauses Between each layer of the atmosphere is a boundary. Above the troposphere is the tropopause, above the stratosphere is the stratopause, above the mesosphere is the mesopause, and above the thermosphere is the thermopause. At these pauses, maximum change between the spheres occur. Ionosphere The ionosphere isnt actually a layer of the atmosphere but regions in the layers where there are ionized particles (electrically charged ions and free electrons), especially located in the mesosphere and thermosphere. The altitude of the ionospheres layers changes during the day and from one season to another.

Immigration issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration issues - Essay Example Julia Preston evaluates the situation that relates to 2014 year and gives the clear statistic concerning this problem. She claims that â€Å"Mexicans remained the single largest nationality among illegal crossers† (Preston, n.p.). The number of illegal migrants is remained to be extremely high and stays for the 229,178 for the last year (Preston, n.p.). People from Mexico migrate to United States for better life and function in USA as cheap workforce. It is relevant to admit the total number of immigrants from Mexico to USA stays for the â€Å"315,943 in the 2014 fiscal year† (Preston, n.p.). To such extend, more than two-thirds of all this these people are Mexicans (Preston, n.p.). Such situation seems to be unpleasant for the authority that deals with the migration problems. However, Preston signifies that the number of immigrants is reduced in 14 percents in comparison with the previous fiscal year (n.p.). In addition, it is significant to mention that some executive actions of USA president have â€Å"allowed millions of undocumented immigrants to remain in the United States and to work without fear of deportation† (Preston, n.p.). He explains such decision as the intention to protect some immigrants and concentrate all forces on â€Å"on criminals and national security threats† (Preston, n.p). Homeland Security claims that 85 percents of all immigrants are considered to be criminals (Preston, n.p). Still, such politics of Mr. Obama have been criticized in Mexico as it is suggested that a huge number of normal families that do not deal with criminal have been deported (Preston, n.p.). It is relevant to suggest that hard situation with border issues is laid historically. People in Mexico have been in search for the livelihoods since the end of nineteenth century (Bowden, n.p.) USA is regarded as a country that is able to suggest a helping hand. The border between USA

The Changing Role of International Banking Dissertation

The Changing Role of International Banking - Dissertation Example These developments, unlike before when they were only restricted to the availability of trade credit with impromptu financing sovereigns, now extends well beyond this to define the changing role of the international banks in development finance. The international banking industry, through its penetrating operations and services in the developing countries, has now extended its services offered to the developing countries with the realization of efficient operating infrastructure, local agencies and smaller branches which have now grown to form part of the local banking industries of the developing countries. The international banking industry now performs series of financial transactions with the local banks in the developing world. They provide, to many industries and companies, a reliable gateway through which organizations, sovereigns, banks and other financial institutions perform foreign exchange and related derivatives, transfer funds, borrow money and invest their profits. The new role played by the international banks to the developing countries have created financial instability in the developing countries with their over reliance on the international banks. This calls for a redefinition of the policies guarding the relationships between the international banking industry and the local banks of the developing countries. Even though the coordination of policy of late has majorly focuses on the liquidity provision collaboration, financial scholars, participants of the market and policy makers have the need to focus on the long-term reevaluation and assessment that concerns the stringency that the financial regulation faces and the effects... The international banking industry, through its penetrating operations and services in the developing countries, has now extended its services offered to the developing countries with the realization of efficient operating infrastructure, local agencies and smaller branches which have now grown to form part of the local banking industries of the developing countries. The international banking industry now performs series of financial transactions with the local banks in the developing world. They provide, to many industries and companies, a reliable gateway through which organizations, sovereigns, banks and other financial institutions perform foreign exchange and related derivatives, transfer funds, borrow money and invest their profits.The new role played by the international banks to the developing countries have created financial instability in the developing countries with their over reliance on the international banks. This calls for a redefinition of the policies guarding the relationships between the international banking industry and the local banks of the developing countries. Even though the coordination of policy of late has majorly focuses on the liquidity provision collaboration, financial scholars, participants of the market and policy makers have the need to focus on the long-term reevaluation and assessment that concerns the stringency that the financial regulation faces and the effects of asset markets to the stability and independence of the financial industry.

Reasons for Closing Quantanamo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasons for Closing Quantanamo - Research Paper Example These detainees are to offer intelligence that will help the American government deal with the crimes of war and terror. There have been very many reasons why the facility should be closed. Some are from the policy standpoint while others are legal reasons. To date, the facility’s closure has proved to be very difficult. The American government’s main aim is to show the whole world that even in the face of their troubles, they still uphold their values. Keywords: Guantanamo, Closure, Detainees, Detention, Facility Introduction Following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States, it was passed by the Congress that there was need for Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF) (Garcia, Elsea, Mason & Liu, 2009). The military was given the mandate to use all the necessary and appropriate force against those who had planned, committed, or given any assistance in the terrorist attack. Individuals from Afghanistan and other parts of the world, who were ca ptured by the United States Military force during this operation, were relocated to Guantanamo Bay, US Naval station. This facility was used to detain them, and prosecution would follow before the military tribunals (Garcia, Elsea, Mason & Liu, 2009). Since 2002, nearly 800 persons have been brought to Guantanamo. In order to continue their detention, majority of these detainees have been transferred again to a third country. A substantial number of released detainees have also been transferred from Guantanamo. Despite the transfer, there are a number of detainees who remain in the facility. They include: Those who have been placed in preventive detention so as to bar them from going back to the battle field. The nature of this preventive detention is non-penal and must be terminated upon the cessation of hostilities (Garcia, Elsea, Mason & Liu, 2009). Those waiting to be brought before a tribunal, so that they can face charges filed against them such as â€Å"alleged violations of the law of war† (Garcia, Elsea, Mason & Liu, 2009, p. 1). If convicted, these people may be sentenced to life imprisonment or execution. The last category includes those who have been cleared for release or transfer to a different nation. Such persons are such as those who are believed not to have contributed to the hostilities or those who are no longer regarded as threats to US security (Garcia, Elsea, Mason & Liu, 2009). Closing Guantanamo was a stated desire and policy in the administration of President Bush. It was supported by both the republican and the democrat presidential candidates. These were John Mc-Cain and Senator Barack Obama. Guantanamo has been used as a detention facility for terrorist suspects, but there has been the argument that it has been damaging the US national security. In 2008, there was widespread consensus within policy circles that it was supposed to be closed. There is lack of specificity on how to close the institution and at the same time, se ek to protect the real national interests and the security of the citizens of the United States (Mendelson, 2008). This policy of closing the facility has been one of the most difficult and most confronting issues in the United States of America. The current administration has been unable to implement the goal of closing the facility because it has received a lot of opposition. Even though it is the goal of the Americans to close Guantanamo, the United States cannot

Contextualising Disability and Immigration in Britain

Contextualising Disability and Immigration in Britain 1. Contextualising disability in modern Britain is a problematic task. The principal challenge of any contextualisation is perhaps the question of whose contextualization is the most apt one. Answering this question and the position taken as a result is also arguably a critical tension within the issue of disability. This then hinges upon whether we contextualize disability from a point of view centred on society generally in modern Britain or whether we contextualize it from the viewpoint of those living with disabilities in modern Britain, (Barnes, 2006). This then highlights the issue as to whether disability is problematic for British society itself or whether it is in actuality British society is disabling itself for those it counts as living within disabilities. We can also contextualize disability in modern Britain in the very sense of its modernity by reflecting on the development of care, policy and legislation for disability, seeing it in a progressive light as a gradual deepe ning of respect and civil society values towards the disabled in Britain. Yet has the success of increased legislation towards the disabled in society gone any way towards combating the problems raised and highlighted by the disability rights movement for example. Perhaps in some ways this question can be answered positively in that legally many forms of discrimination against those living with disabilities has been placed on an equal footing with other kinds of discrimination such as that to do with race and racism. But has a legal countering of discrimination been enough to counter what many might count as socially embedded negative values and attitudes towards the disabled in modern Britain. In many instances activists within the disabled rights movement have argued that this has not occurred. This contextualisation returns us then to the issue noted above in that while legal and political measures have been taken to protect and enable disabled persons to live more active and fuller lives in particular settings socially in terms of British society questions can be asked as to how successful these attitudes have been diffused. As an illustration of this in examining the statistics of those who are disabled and working as opposed to those who are disabled and living on benefits highlights in many ways the inability of disabled persons to secure employment even where they are legally entitled to be considered on the same basis as those who are not disabled, (Kemp, 2006). Contextualising disability then is an interesting task as it centres as such on definitions, attitudes and reactions to the incidence of disability and how those with disability are treated by and perceived by British society in a wider and more general sense. Disability then when we contextualize it in this manner becomes a matter of respective perspectives on the issues that are play within the area of disability. For those then within the disability rights movement for example it is British society itself which is disabling in terms of restricting those living with disability from leading full and active lives. In terms of societal responses then the legal and political measures which have been pursued can be seen as responses to these criticisms. Yet the effectiveness of these can continually be questioned in terms of their impact. Similarly an often occluded aspect of disability in modern British society is the emphasis legally on physical as opposed to mental disabilities. A cl aim that can also be levelled at the disability rights movement itself at times. This can be seen in the fact that much of the legislation has focused on the concerns of those living with physical disabilities to the detriment of those living with mental disabilities, (Borsay, 2005). What this points towards in terms of a contextualization of disability in modern Britain is a failure of particular perspectives to be heard at all in the face of certain perspectives seeing a sustained debate on which version is the more correct one to be used in examining the issue of disability. 2. A contextualization of immigration in modern Britain is in many critical ways a contextualization of modern Britain itself. This can be seen in a number of key ways, such as for example the historical impacts of immigration on the makeup and composition of modern Britain. It can also be located in some of the more current socially problematic issues such as the role of Britain in the European Union, terrorism and the decline of the primacy of the welfare state. These are however broad claims and as such then how does a contextualization of immigration become relevant to the themes outlined above? Perhaps the clearest way a contextualisation of immigration points to these themes is by the manner in which immigration is discursively as an issue by society. As such then it can be argued that the discourse of immigration in Foucauldian terms points towards a complexity of issues that reflects, intersects and interacts with a set of much broader discourses within British society. Not only this but importantly but in terms of this wider social discourse on immigration what is not perceived or what is not discussed has immediate relevance also for the themes mentioned above, (Block, 2006). As such immigration can be seen as a contested issue and its contextualization as such offers insights into critical debates within modern Britain. An example of this can be seen in the recent debates over the economic benefits of immigration which are made against the backdrop of the expansion of the EU. Here there has been a shift from the unrestricted access of inhabitants of the first accession countries such as Poland to living and working in Britain to one of restrictions for newer accession countries such as Romania. Similarly debates over multiculturalism in the wake of recent terrorist acts have seen immigration being contested in the sense of how well do newer immigrants, and in particular Muslim immigrants integrate into British society. Likewise a final aspect of the contested nature of immigration is their partaking of the use of various public services in Britain. Arguments are made that immigration causes strains on public services such as the NHS, housing, education a nd other aspects of the welfare state, (Dustmann, 2005). Each of these issues are importantly social and political discourses themselves also. A contextualisation of immigration then needs to consider whether immigration is a feature of these discourses or whether they are a feature of immigration itself. Arguably the most suitable approach is to see a contextualisation of immigration as a mix between both of the extremes outlined above to see it as a contested discourse. Dissecting these contestations of immigration then is arguably the principal method to contextualizing immigration in modern Britain. It is an issue as such that is a mirror and a lens reflecting and providing insights into what are major transformational debates in modern Britain. Indeed the greater immigration is perceived or is in actuality occurring then the greater these debates are played out in the media, political circles and within national and local settings, (Cohen, 2001). There is a need then to situate immigration discursively within a framework which recognizes the multiplicity of discourses which are at play or are extolled in relation to the issue of immigration. It is a discourse containing many images and symbols about particular aspects of modern British society which are seen as problematic. Conte xtualising immigration then as a result necessitates a contextualisation of many disparate aspects of British society. References Barnes, C. (2006) Independent Futures: Creating User-Led Disability Services in a Disabling Society, Bristol, Policy Block, D. (2006) Multilingual Identities in a Global City: London Stories, Basingstoke, Macmillan Borsay, A. (2005) Disability and Social Policy in Britain since 1750: A History of Exclusion, Basingstoke, Macmillan Cohen, S. (2001) Immigration Controls, The Family and the Welfare State, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers Dustmann, C. (2005) Immigration, Jobs and Wages: Theory, Evidence and Opinion, London, Center for Economic Policy Research Kemp, P. A. (2006) Sick Societies? , Geneva, International Social Security Association

Reverand Hale in Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay -- Essay on The Cr

The Salem witch trials of 1692 caused much confusion and chaos. A total of 19 were executed for supposed witchcraft. For such a travesty to occur and to end, there must be certain people that catalyze the event and others that speak out against it. In "The Crucible" by Arthur Miller, specific characters contribute to the rising hysteria of witchcraft and the disapproval of the convictions. Reverend Hale is a unique character that provides attributions to both sides. Although Reverend Hale is a catalyst to the beginning of the witch trials because he protects the authority of the court with a strict interpretation of its laws, he later realizes the falsehood of the court's accusations, and he makes a dramatic shift in his dependency on the law and in his beliefs of witchcraft. For the first half of the play, Hale strictly follows the law to maintain order, and as a result contributes to the beginning of the witch trials. For example, in his first scene of the play he enters Parris' house to help his niece, who is believed to have a spell cast upon her, and is carrying a heavy load of books that are "`...are weighted with authority'" (34). He prepares himself to ignore any conclusions based from emotional involvement or sensibility by keeping at hand lawful books to guide him. He trusts his books to keep control over the arising dilemma. In addition, when two church-going women, Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse, are accused of witchcraft, the women's husbands begin to argue the case, but Hale still defends the court: "`I have seen too many frightful proofs in court -- the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!'"(68). Although it is ludicrous that two of the most la... ...the first few people persecuted, he realizes the integrity of life and that it cannot be wasted. He recognizes that he had mistakenly contributed to the death of those in the trials, and now wants to put an end to the hangings and save the lives of those undeserving of death. Hale demonstrates his change in ideals by becoming emotionally involved in the situation and allowing himself to try to protect the innocent victims. Hale changes from being in favor of the witch trials to opposing it because of the obviously innocent people that are sentenced to death. The Reverend is able to see his sins and the evils around him, and he reveal his strength and will in standing up for what he knows is right. He shows the reader that it is not one's reputation or fulfilling a job that is justifiable to God, but one's ability to protect His will of righteousness.

Everyone responds to conflict according to their values Essay

People react to conflict due to their values. In the novel ‘Every Man In This Village Is a Liar’ Megan Stack has allies who make an oath to protect her at all cost. A person’s values may also include, they would never physically hurt another person and they are against it then in times of conflict due to their values despite whether it is a physical conflict or something else they wouldn’t resort to physical harm. Another major conflict issue is honestly within war and everyday life. Stack is offered protection for when entering The Middle East by her friend Zaman because Stack will be experiencing a lot of external conflict upon entering Afghanistan. â€Å"He was solemn. â€Å"I take your life on my honor,† he said from the heights of his mountainous nose. â€Å"They will have to kill me before they can harm you.† Zaman wants to help Stack be safe when in Afghanistan so she can successfully do her reporting. Even though Zamans cultural backg round does not emphasise equality due to females being disadvantaged, Zaman chose to be careless as he would rather let the enemies hurt him before they could get the chance to hurt Stack, with Zamans values being highly depicted in this situation. Although there was a curfew Stack was not harmed for being outside, instead Stack was reminded by a marine to avoid being outside during curfew times. â€Å"There’s a curfew,† a marine warned me as I moved past a check-point.† Stack was most likely not harmed due to the marine realising that Stack is a journalist and had trouble getting back to her hotel before the curfew had begun. The Marine’s values would have been different if the person instead of Stack was a Middle East Arab. People’s values may not change even if they are experiencing conflict. As an election was going on Stack wanted to report on what is happening during the election however Stacks camera is taken off her. Stack resists and fight back to retrieve her stolen camera. â€Å"Sahafiyeh!† I yelled, digging around in my jeans pocket for a press credential.† Journalists! Give us the camera back!† Due to Stack being in a sticky situation with her camera being taken off her she tries to attack back to obtain her camera, but really this is not a value that Stack would often preach. Sometimes when people fear for their life they will change their values to survive without even thinking about it. For an example when Stack and Nora were in a storekeepers shop a man was getting beaten up by the storekeeper man, because the guy getting bashed committed a  crime of some sort. â€Å"Somebody was shouting and we turned to see a shopkeeper holding a demonstrator by the collar, punching in the face, over and over. â€Å"Get out of my store!† This external conflict responds to the storekeeper’s value because he feared for his life and demanded that the man leave the store, why is why he responded to that conflict due to his values. Stack explains to the audience that the Americans honestly are not fully truthful. The US government created a myth that they are the good people and all the people in the Middle East are evil and deserve to have havoc wreck upon them. â€Å"American officials talked about ‘the enemy† and â€Å"the evildoers† and it sounded odd, empty, like a legend.† This is trying to show that nobody can always tell the truth as individuals or as a nation hence is why Megan Stack named her book â€Å"Every Man In This Village Is a Liar.† Once American civilians learnt that everyone in the Middle East was corrupt and evil the way they responded to conflict was changed due to their values being covered with lies. It is more likely that people’s values will change according to the different type of conflicts they face. Stack’s friend’s values changed due to wanting her to survive being in the Middle East, some people did not want to physically harm others however some people did only when they felt like their life was in threat. People are likely to agree that everybody acts differently to conflict based on their values.

The World Overpopulation

The World Overpopulation! Is it possible to know that our life is in danger because of a horrible global issue and stay silent!! By definition, overpopulation is a condition where the number of organisms exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat. The world population has crossed 7 billion and we are going to deal with the adverse effects of this excessive growth. Overpopulation is a serious issue, more serious than it seems to be, so we must look for some solutions for the reasons of this horrible phenomenon.Giving a closer look at the different causes of overpopulation, the first reason is the increase of birth rate not only in one country, but it is spreading all over the world, threatening the balance of world population due to the lack of sex education †¦ Literacy is another major issue in overpopulation, education plays a fundamental role in family planning and thus population growth, then due to the lack of education, world population is becoming bigger and bigger.Mor eover, immigration and emigration are the third specific reason for overpopulation. For example, a million legal migrants are coming into the USA every year, in addition to those who are migrating from the undeveloped south to the richer north.In order to deal with overpopulation, we must suggest some beneficial solutions such as supporting education especially sex education which needs to be a mandatory subject in school, which must be followed by female education, since an education woman understands reproduction and can make decisions on her own behalf, she becomes knowledgeable about her contraceptive options, so she will recognize that for her family to live comfortably, that number of children must not exceed the family’s resources.Another solution is that, population growth rate must be addressed in order to achieve population stabilization, which can be done by tax concessions. It is an effective method of controlling birth rates. It favors families with none or a lim ited number of children, for example a significant amount more than 50%-60% of the fund would be handed over to the couple upon the birth of the first child.In addition, preventing illegal immigration may help in decreasing overpopulation. Overpopulation is a very serious and hard condition which must be stopped before it will cross 10 billion. Finally and in the light of the above information, I can say that overpopulation certainly does need to be controlled before it gets even more out of hand.

The Socio Economic Impacts Of Gambling Tourism Essays

The Socio Economic Impacts Of Gambling Tourism Essays The Socio Economic Impacts Of Gambling Tourism Essay The Socio Economic Impacts Of Gambling Tourism Essay The purpose of this survey is to look into the degree of impacts the integrated resorts would hold on Singapore in footings of societal and economic. Due to altering tendencies in touristry, Singapore needed a new development in 2005 to revamp the slowly stagnating touristry industry. There are surveies that have shown many states are heading towards integrated resort development to hike their economic system. As development of incorporate resort would make occupations for its citizens, but there is a drawback on the societal factor as incorporate resorts looks towards holding a gaming constituent ( e.g. Casino ) as their chief gross beginning. In 18th April 2005, the Singapore authorities announced that they would let two casino Integrated Resort ( IR ) undertakings to be developed. Prior to this proclamation, the Singapore authorities had in topographic point 4 Acts of the Apostless ; the Betting Act ( Chapter 21 ) , Betting and Sweepstake Duties Act ( Chapter 22 ) , Common Gambling Houses Act ( Chapter 49 ) and Private Lotteries Act ( Chapter 250 ) which deemed all chancing activities to be illegal except charity draws, Toto, Singapore Sweep lotteries and the betting of Equus caballus races at the Singapore Turf Club. Background An overview of what is an Integrated Resort First with respects to the survey, a clear apprehension of what is an Integrated Resort has to be distinguished. Integrated Resorts could really good be defined as Wall ( 1997, cited in Nunkoo A ; Ramkissoon, 2010 ) mentioned an effort to supply a carefully planned, controlled and good defined touristry merchandise. In an integrated resort a broad scope and a good assorted list of installations for invitee and tourer can be found within the belongings. This can include diggingss, recreational installations, event installations and even bet oning installations. Andriotis ( 2008 ) discussed in his academic diary with respects to the development of incorporate resort and mentioned that Many authoritiess have encouraged integrated resort development in an effort to better the wellbeing of the local population by bring forthing occupations and increasing income. With this point being mentioned, it shows that determination in development of the integrated resort would be good to the economic system and the societal standings within the state. So what contributes to the economic system and societal standings of a state? The economic system standings of a state could be measured by the employment rate of the citizens and the mean disbursement power of the person, as for the degree of the societal standings of a state, it would be measured by the literacy rate, equality intervention of races and An overview of what is socio-economic impact In pre World War 2 period, the survey of economic sciences and sociology has neer crossed. There were clear differentiations between both constructs and it was mentioned by Keizer ( 2005 ) that it was merely in the period after World War 2 that economic science constructs has been used to turn to traditionally non-economic countries which was defined by some as Economic Imperialism . However Keizer ( 2005 ) besides did mentioned that there was a transition from Economic Imperialism to Sociological Imperialism which was the application of sociological attack to the economic system and market behavior in the past 15 old ages. But Keizer ( 2005 ) concluded that Discernible action so is the consequence of the coincident working of the economic and the societal force. These forces are intertwined and can non be observed individually. There was besides indication by de Sismondi ( 1996, cited in Lutz, 2002 ) which mentioned a sort of economic ideas which is affected by the factors o f societal well-being, the distribution of incomes and the advisability of province intercession into the market mechanism. An overview of the Singapore Government s attack to Integrated Resorts In December 2004, the Singapore Government issued a Request for Concept ( RFC ) to interested investors for the development of an Integrated Resort ( IR ) with casino gambling. The chief consideration of the Singapore Government was to spread out the leisure and amusement options to heighten Singapore s repute as a high-end tourer s finish for both leisure and concern visitants as tourer figures had been on a diminution over the old ages. Along with the RFC there were footings and conditions that were in placed to safeguard the Singapore society. The chief purpose of the societal precautions is to undertake job gaming and to ease the possible impact on the Singapore households, societal values and work values. The Government developed a Casino and Gaming Regulatory Board with a set of rigorous international regulative criterions as a step against money laundering, illegal money-lending, licensing and the showing of operators and employees. With such steps in placed the Government hav e decided to let the development of the IR. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong reference in his statement on the 18th of April 2005 at the parliament house: The issue is non whether we should let a casino to run in Singapore. If that was all, the authorities response is obvious. The existent issue is whether an economic investing consisting an overall tourer integrated investing undertaking running into one million millions of dollars should be disallowed because of a gaming constituent. With the completion of the IRs, there is a demand to research whether the economic factors are met and whether the societal precautions are able to soften the societal impact of the IRs. Purpose This survey will discourse the development of Integrated Resorts with a bet oning constituent in Singapore and besides a item analysis of societal reactions to the debut of chancing and the economic benefits through gross watercourses and employment in the Integrated Resorts in Singapore. Aim To analyze societal reactions to the debut of chancing To analyze the economic benefits through gross watercourses and employment To analyze the political argument in Singapore sing chancing Recommendation to the touristry industry of Singapore and for future research. Methodology For this survey an academic attack is used to beginning the societal impacts and the economic impacts that have been faced by the gambling industry precursors. The survey would include secondary resources that cover the beginning of the gambling industry which is in the Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America, what is faced by the authorities of the State of Nevada. The survey would be farther strengthened by a secondary survey on the issues of the gambling industry in the Asia Pacific part, which includes Macau and Australia. After the analysis of the secondary resources, there would be a comparing made towards the primary resources which consist of steps set by the Singaporean authorities prior to the development of the Integrated Resorts, the degree of investing to be made by the operators of the Integrated Resorts and the sum of employment to be created with such a development Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW Chapter OUTLINE In this chapter, the writer would wish to discourse the growing of bet oning touristry, the societal deductions of presenting bet oning touristry into a community or country. The writer would be discoursing the factors that could hold been a accelerator to the societal issues faced by Australia after the authorities introduced bet oning touristry. Another treatment would be how the policies of the authorities should be alteration on touristry after presenting gaming, mentioning illustrations from the instance of Australia. The writer would besides wish to discourse the economic impacts that the gaming touristry would convey to the community or country it is introduced to. Last the writer would wish to discourse the demand for authorities to alter their touristry policy when presenting bet oning constituents. Tourism AND THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF GAMBLING Tourism can be classified into many signifier, one that has been faced with plentifulness of persecution from a societal point of view is Bet oning Tourism. Ever since 1931 the province of Nevada legalised chancing in a manner that it is synonymous with mass touristry, it had transformed the whole gambling industry. Till this twenty-four hours the growing of bet oning touristry has be phenomenal. But legalizing chancing surely has its costs. It has been noted that offense and pathological chancing tend to be higher in countries with casinos. In America the National Council for Problem Gambling estimates that 1 % of American grownups are pathological gamblers and another 2-3 % has jobs commanding their wont. Over in Britain an estimation 0.6 % of the population are believed to be job gamblers. A job gambler is a position associated with being in hapless wellness, individual, separated or divorced and holding fewer educational makings than others. Problem gamblers tend to be more likel y to be unemployed and have the inclination of commit offenses. Gambling has ever drawn resistance on moral evidences. One such resistance is Mr Taylor Branch a good known writer and historiographer is a acute protagonist of the Stop Predatory Gambling group. He argues that state-sponsored chancing such as lotteries and slot suites is a corruptness of democracy because it confuses citizens into believing they are traveling to acquire rich, but in existent fact they are traveling to be paying revenue enhancements. Other resistance positions besides mention that it encourages dependence. A high sum of gross from the slots and lotteries is contributed by frequent participants whom invariably dreams of acquiring something for nil. Resistance statements of the authorities actions like legalising, taxing and modulating chancing fuels dependence is similar to stating that the authorities encourage alcohol addiction where they besides legalise, apply revenue enhancements and modulate intoxicant ingestion. But it boils down to the persons involved, most persons are able to make things in moderateness but there are certain persons either wager excessively much or imbibe excessively much as it is the pick of the persons the authorities does non necessitate to do alterations to the policies with respects to the ordinances for chancing. Social Issues in Australia Another illustration of the rapid turning gambling industry would be from Australia, in the past two decades the growing of the industry has been unexpected and rapid. But along with the growing, it brought along a scope of impacts which affects both the societal and economic spectrum. Chiefly the impact could be seen within the societal impact spectrum, and the bulk of political arguments in Australia revolve around the chief point of job gaming within the society. A proper definition for job gaming that has be widely accepted within Australia would be the state of affairs when a individual s gaming activity gives rise to harm to the single participant, and/or to his or her household, and may widen into the community ( Australian Institute for Gambling Research, 1997 ) . In Australia, the Productivity Commission ( 1999 ) records that there is an about 2.1 per centum of Australian grownups are job gamblers which constitutes to a pool of about 290,000 grownups. But it was further categorised into either gamblers with moderate jobs in chancing or gamblers with terrible jobs in chancing. Gamblers with moderate jobs constitute about 1.1 per centum which stands for 160,000 Australian grownups and the gamblers with terrible jobs in chancing bases at 1 per centum which is tantamount to about 130,000 Australian grownups. As mentioned the impacts of job gaming could be widely dispersed, but if the impacts is focused on to the persons the effects faced by the person as stated by Lesieur ( 1996 ) are depression, insomnia, enteric upsets, anxiousness onslaughts, cardiac jobs, high blood force per unit area, megrims, self-destructive inclinations and other stress-related upsets as typical jobs in the more beforehand phases. He besides did mentioned that a gambler s household could besides bear the effects of job gaming, chiefly with the fiscal loads which may take to fewer household outgos, delinquent measures, public-service corporations cut off, properties repossessed or sold, in drastic instances household are left homeless. The partner of such persons would frequently be harassed by measure aggregators which may do them to see insomnia, stress-related jobs and suicide inclinations. Such injury and matching with the changeless prevarications and misrepresentation made by the job gambler would stack up and do matrimonial jobs, dysfunctional of the household and to the extent of kid maltreatment and disregard. But the job does non stop here ; it would besides take to impacting the persons workplace by invariably seeking progresss on wage cheque or even loans from work co-workers to fuel their gaming demands and desires. It may even take to condemnable degrees by perpetrating workss such as peculation from the company they work at or recognition fraud and many other white-collar offenses. Such affairs would take to condemnable justness or even bankruptcy costs ( Lesieur, 1996 ) . The authorities might present steps to assist the job gamblers and their affected households, but any steps introduced would be a cost incurred for the community. Taking in to account the Domino consequence of the impacts of such an industry, the Productivity Commission of Australia estimations that for each citizen with a gaming job there would be a lower limit of five other citizens that would be affected. Factors Influencing Social Impacts After sing the societal issues faced by the Australian authorities, the beginning of the issues can be categorised into four major driving forces. First there is a alteration in construing the term job gaming. Pathological, compulsive, habit-forming, inordinate and job gaming are footings used to depict frequent, uncontrolled chancing doing injury ( Caldwell, Young, Dickerson, A ; McMillen, 1988 ) . Although historically the behavior has been viewed chiefly as an single affliction related to a mental upset, an dependence, or inordinate behavior, more late it has been conceptualized as a behavior that leads to societal and single injury ( Australian Institute for Gambling Research, 1997 ) . This led to the community in Australia to foster develop a public wellness attack towards job gaming. Second would be the alteration in the authorities policy with respects to chancing. For the instance of Australia, the policy, ordinances and revenue enhancements for chancing are all the duties of the province authorities. Even though the general consensus of the authoritiess on chancing policy aims is to maximize gross and to understate the degree of societal impacts, guaranting merchandise unity and discouraging condemnable engagement ( Productivity Commission, 1999 ) . It is due to the prioritising of conflicting aims that influenced the surfacing of job gaming as a societal issue. For Australia the prioritization of maximising of economic returns over the minimising of societal impact has allowed market stimulation, enlargement and competition have characterized authorities policy on chancing since the 1970s ( McMillen, 1996 ) Third with the addition in enlargement and commercialisation of gaming, has caused the escalation of the gaming outgo in Australia, supplying strong returns to the gaming suppliers, such as casinos, hotels and nines ( Tasmanian Gaming Commission, 2002 ; Productivity Commission, 1999 ) . This has caused the suppliers to hold the expansionist mentality due to the nature of the gambling industry to be unfazed by the fluctuation of the economic system and the authorities policies. This causes the addition in the easiness of entree to chancing. With the increased in Numberss of chancing operations and the hardline selling deployed by the operators, it causes public concerns for chancing related jobs and there would be calls for the province authorities to step in to regulate the gaming suppliers to give a more socially responsible image to the populace. Last the force per unit area from the Economic Impact of Bet oning Tourism The phenomenon of the rapid growing of the Australian gambling industry, showed that there is a displacement in the authorities s gaming policy from community benefits to a more realistic economic focal point. Even though the casinos were deemed to be solutions to a deteriorating economic system, a shriveling revenue enhancement base and a hard unemployment quandary, though there are evident benefits to the Australian economic system, there were still really strong resistances from the members of the communities to the gap and enlargement of the gambling industry in a figure of legal powers, the resistance positions are chiefly based on the possible economic and societal cost that would be incurred by the gap of bet oning industry. In 2001, the entire outgo in Australian casinos was recorded at $ 2,543.3 million with the largest part of it, $ 945.7 million being spent in the province of Victoria ( Tasmanian Gaming Commission, 2002 ) . The mean net income border for a casino is about 3.4 per centum or equivalent to $ 93 million ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000 ) . In add-on, casinos contribute to about $ 500.8 million in province and district revenue enhancements in 2001-2002 ( ACIL Consulting, 2002 ) . The foremost of the 13 legal casinos were established in the early 1970s in Tasmania and the Northern Territory. The economic systems of these two parts were developing and their authoritiess were trusting the constitutions of the casinos would assist regenerate them ( Australian Institute for Gaming Research, 1999 ; McMillen, 1995 ) . Both casinos can be considered subdued developments in a finish that can be considered as a distant location made to pull tourers and better the local economic activity. When the recession in Australia continued and sing the success of the two casinos, it prompted the other provinces of Australia to see developing casinos to excite the economic system. It sparked the following moving ridge of development within the Australian gambling industry in provinces such as Perth, the Gold Coast, Adelaide, Canberra, Townsville and Christmas Island. The mentioned provinces were happening agencies to interrupt away from the primary sectors of production and fabric ation and into the service and touristry sector for a encouragement in their economic growing. Revision of Tourism Policy Taking into considerations of the Chapter III: Primary Literature Chinese Culture and Gambling Abel ( 1997 ) stated that the popularity of chancing among the Chinese immigrants to North America and the laterality of Chinese at nightlong chancing operations shows that gambling is a interest for Chinese people in all parts of the universe. There besides have been surveies that indicated in the late 1800s, people in China and Hong Kong would chance for everything ( Galletti, 2002 ) . Further surveies have besides proven that the Chinese are a state of gamblers ( Abel, 1997 ; Nepstad, 2000 ) , who are of course higher hazard takers, quicker to follow new engineerings and more money focused ( Cullen, 2000 ) . Chinese participants has been indispensable been important to the gambling industry, there has even been an full gambling industry that has been created to provide merely the Chinese participants ( Casino City, 2002 ) because the gambling industry is witting of the importance of Chinese clients to the industry. Therefore, understanding elements of Chinese civilization can assist bring forth repetition visits for the casinos, Galletti ( 2002 ) even suggested that bet oning operators should put clip in set uping long-run relationships with such clients as a manner to maintain their concern. Among the Chinese communities, it is during the gay periods when the gaming activities are common. Therefore casinos consider the Chinese New Year as the best chancing weekend of the twelvemonth and it has been recorded that 1000s of Chinese travel to Las Vegas to observe and chance ( Galletti, 2002 ) Among the bet oning touristry finishs, Las Vegas and Australia are the precedence finishs for most of the Chinese gamblers. It was besides recorded that in Las Vegas 85 per centum of the high rollers comes from states like China, Taiwan and Japan ( ABC News, 2002 ) . Although the sum of visitants from Japan outnumbers the visitants from China, nevertheless the sum of money the Chinese visitants are willing to chance are pathetic greater than the mean outgo of the Nipponese at the casino. However in China, the authorities seems to be satisfied in directing its gamblers off to Macau alternatively of making a gaming industry within mainland China to protect the bulk of its citizens. It seems like the thought of doing the activity less accessible has been widely approved from the other states in Asia. , either it is by puting casinos in remote topographic points which is the instance in Cambodia, or the authorities charges their citizens an entry levy but allows aliens to come in free as the instance of Singapore. Chapter IV: Discussion A ; Conclusion Restrictions Recommendations Contemplations

Quantitative Article #2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative Article #2 - Research Paper Example 137). The second population under study included emergency department (ED) nurses working at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Shatin. A sample of 22 patients that needed NG tube reinsertion of tube placement check that presented themselves at the hospital participated in the study. The sample precluded patients who had certain medical complications including those who experienced vomiting tachypnea, and fever (Ho, Rainer & Graham, 2013, p. 138). Non-probability sampling was applied for the patients since not all patients had an equal chance of representation. Those with complications did not have a chance to be included as part of the sample. For the patients, accidental sampling was applied considering that only those patients who met the criteria and availed themselves at the hospital during the study period were featured in the study. Although opportunity sampling is often associated with bias and therefore reduces the representativeness of the sample and the generalisability of th e findings of the study, it was appropriate for this study since the samples were later randomized which served to increase the generalisabilility of the findings. The sampling plan applied was also appropriate considering time constraints and the limited number of patients that visit the hospital who are part of the population under study. While a sample of 22 patients seems small, the number has the capacity to produce reliable and generalizable results. A sample of 30 nurses participated in the study. The sampling of nurses was done in two stages. Given that all the nurses in the hospital had equal chance of participating in the study, probability sampling applied for the first stage of sampling. The second stage of sampling was based on convenience sampling considering that all those who returned their questionnaires featured in the study irrespective of

Predicting Seismic Activity with Lunar Cycles Research Paper

Predicting Seismic Activity with Lunar Cycles - Research Paper Example The observations that go against the claim will also be analyzed. Observations or logics by critics against these claims will be taken into account and these will be judged and arguments made as to the strength of these claims. In the end the credibility of the predictions will be based on the evidence collected by forces pointing in favor or against this claim. The paper will be considering the lunar cycles linked with seismic activity. Minor factors used by Jim Berkland will be mentioned but the main focus will be relationship between lunar cycles and seismic activity. Predicting Seismic Activity with Lunar Cycles Introduction The earthquakes have devastating potential. The process is researched upon in detail and various theories and factors are presented over the years. The most accepted model for earthquakes is the theory of plate tectonics. The model, however, needs to be updated and many other factors contributing to earthquake that has been observed over the years needs to be incorporated. Investigations for involvement of new forces possible in earthquake predictions are under process. Some of the new indicators include the changes in ionosphere, radon emissions (radioactive element Rn 86), Earth’s magnetic field displacement and even animal behavior. These are just few indicators. Research over the years has and numbers of facts indicate the involvement of sun and moon in triggering earthquakes. As by (Pasichnyk, 2002) â€Å"In Tome Three, plate tectonics, more commonly known as continental drift, was discussed that brought forth the understanding that electrostatic forces are at work in producing tectonic plates’ dynamics. This understanding correlates solar activity and lunar phases and cycles with the triggering of earthquakes†. The subject of earthquake prediction, however, has been a matter of intense debate. There does not seem to be a general consensus. Different papers by Wyss (1997), Geller (1997), Scholz (1997) demonstra te diversity of the subject. Various seismologists base their predictions on different factors and observations. These predictions as per (Allen, 1976) must â€Å"Specify time window, space window, magnitude window, some indication of author’s confidence in reliability of prediction, indication of chances of earthquake occurring anyway as a random event and must be written and presented in accessible form so that data on failures are as easily obtained as data on success†. Bases of Predictions by Jim Berkland Jim Berkland bases his earthquake predictions mainly on the effects of gravitational tugs of the moon, sun and other planets. He also takes into account animal behavior as an indicator for an upcoming earthquake. Berkland has accurately predicted tremors based on these factors. His logics for the effects of lunar cycles on Earth’s seismic activity are discussed as under and each factor is analyzed in detail. Tides The gravitational pull of the moon is respo nsible for the ocean tides. This pull also acts on the crust; however, the effect is not enough. Recent studies have shown correlation between tides and earthquakes. Study by (Cochran, 2004) describes this relation â€Å"Study using global data hinted at an earthquake-tide correlation, suggesting that reverse and normal earthquakes correlate either with shear stress or the trace of the stress†. This correlation as per studies and observations